16 TENSES IN ENGLISH

 ni gw share tentang test bhs inggris yang di permasalahkan murid kelas 3 sma / smk

16 TENSES IN ENGLISH

April 2, 2013

There are 16 Tenses in English. There are:

• Simple Present Tense
• Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense
• Simple Past Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• Simple Future Tense
• Future Continuous Tense
• Future Perfect Tense
• Future Perfect Continuous Tense
• Past Future Tense
• Past Future Continuous Tense
• Past Future Perfect Tense
• Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Simple Present Tense

This tenses are used to denote something that is fixed, habitual or an essential truth. Because it is often related to the incident at about past, present and future, this at least has the Tenses description for a certain time.

FORM:

(+) Subject (s) + Verb1 + Object (o)

ex: She ate the rice

(-) S+do/does not+Verb1+O

ex: She doesn’t eat the rice

(?) Do/Does + S + Verb1 + O

ex: Does she it the rice?

I, You, They, We use do when it come to negative and question sentence. While He, She, It use does.

2. Present Continuous Tense

This tenses are used to express an action which is actually being done at this time.
FORM:
(+) S + to be + Verb-ing + O
ex: They are riding the bicycle
(-) S + to be + not + Verb-ing + O
ex: They are not riding the bicycle
(?) to be + S + Verb-ing + O
ex: Are they riding the bicycle?

3. Present Perfect Tense

This tenses are used to express your experience. This sentence can used to say that you have never had a certain experience. Present Perfect Tense didn’t use to describe specific event.
FORM:
(+) S + Has/Have + Past Participle (V3)
ex: I have met her once before
(-) S + Has/Have + not + past participle (V3)
ex: I Have not met her before
(?) Has/Have + S + past participle (V3)
ex: Have You met her before?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. ”for two hours’, ‘for two weeks’, ‘since yesterday’ are all durations which can be used with this sentence. Without the durations, the tense has a more general meaning of “lately.” We often use the words “lately” or “recently” to emphasize this meaning.
FORM:
(+) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O
ex: We have been practicing our English since Monday.
(-) S + have/has + been + Verb-ing + O
ex: We have not been practicing our English
(?) have/has + S + been + Verb-ing + O
ex: Have they been practicing their English?

5. Simple Past Tense

We used this tense to talk about the past.
FORM:
(+) S + Verb2 + O
ex: She studied math last night
(-) S + did + not + Verb1
ex: She did not studied math last night
(?) did + S + verb1 + O
ex: Did She studied math last night?

6. Past Continuous Tense

This tense is used to say when we were in the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.
FORM:
(+) S + was/were + Verb-ing
ex: He was reading
(-) S + was/were + not + Verb-ing
ex: He wasn’t reading
(?) Was/were + S + Verb-ing
ex: Was He reading?

7. Past Perfect Tense

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
FORM:
had+past participle
ex: I had Listen to the radio when she come home

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. “For five minutes” and “for two weeks” are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.
FORM:
S + had + been + Verb-ing
ex: Lina had been study at the university for 1 year before she left to Korea.

9. Simple Future Tense

often called will. because, the modal auxiliary verb in this sentence is will.
FORM :
(+) S + WILL + Verb1
ex: I will dance
(-) S+WILL+not+Verb1
ex: I will not dance
(?) will + S + Verb1
ex: Will she dance?

10. Future Continuous Tense

Future Continuous has two different forms: “will be doing ” and “be going to be doing”. Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.
FORM:
(+) S + will be + Verb-ing
ex: I will be going to mosque.
(-) S + will not  be + Verb-ing
ex: I won’t be going to church
(?) will + S + be + Verb-ing
ex: Will you going to mosque?

11. Future Perfect Tense

This sentence is used when we talk about the past in the future.
FORM:
(+) S + Will + have + Verb3
ex: I will have finished by 6 PM
(-) S + will + not + have + Verb3
ex: I will not have finished by 6 PM
(?)  Will + S + have + Verb3
ex: will you have finished Verb3

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the future perfect continuous tense to talk about a long action before some point in the future.
FORM:
(+) S + Will + have + been + Verb-ing
ex: Andra will have been drawing the sketch
(-) S + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing
ex: Andra Won’t have been drawing the sketch
(?) Will + S + have + been + Verb-ing ?
ex: Will Andra have been drawing the sketch?

13. Past Future Tense

this tense is used to express the events that WILL be done, BUT in the past, not the present.
FORM:
(+) S + would + Verb1
ex: I would go
(-) S + Would + not + Verb1
ex: I wouldn’t go
(?) Would + S + Verb1?
ex: Would you go?

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Past Future Continuous tells an action would be in progress in the past.
FORM:
(+) S + was/were + going to be + Verb-ing
ex: She was going to be Cooking this morning
(-) S + was/were + not + going to be + Verb-ing
ex: She wasn’t going to be cooking this morning
(?) Was/were + S + going to be + Verb-ing
ex: was she going to be cooking this morning?
time signals for this tense is time in the past like, this morning, yesterday, last night, last week and so on.

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

This tense is restates the action stated in Future Perfect Tense but with different time dimension, it is in past time whilst the Future Perfect is in future time (not happen yet).
FORM:
(+) S + would + have + Verb3
ex: I would have drunk the milk last night
(-) S + would + not + have + Verb3
ex: I wouldn’t have drunk the milk last night
(?) Would + S + have + Verb3
ex: Would you have drunk the milk last night?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense emphasizes on the course and the duration of the action. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to tell an action which would have been happening until a certain time (period) in the past.
FORM:
(+) S + would + have + been + verb-ing
ex: Chris would have been working for 6 years when he get fired
(-) S+ would + not + have + been + verb-ing
ex: Chris wouldn’t have been working for 6 years when he get fired
(?) Would + subject + have + been + verb-ing?
ex: Would Chris have been working for 6 years when he get fired?

PENGERTIAN AKHLAK MAHMUDAH (TERPUJI)

B.     PENGERTIAN AKHLAK MAHMUDAH (TERPUJI)

Akhlak mahmudah (terpuji) adalah perbuatan yang dibenarkan oleh agama (Allah dan RasulNya). Contohnya : disiplin, hidup bersih, ramah, sopan-santun, syukur nikmat, hidup sederhana, rendah hati, jujur, rajin, percaya diri, kasih sayang, taat, rukun,  tolong-menolong, hormat dan patuh, sidik, amanah, tablig, fathanah, tanggung jawab, adil, bijaksana, teguh pendirian, dermawan, optimis, qana’ah, dan tawakal, ber-tauhiid, ikhlaas, khauf, taubat, ikhtiyaar, shabar, syukur, tawaadu', husnuzh-zhan, tasaamuh dan ta’aawun, berilmu, kreatif, produktif, akhlak dalam berpakaian, berhias, perjalanan, bertamu dan menerima tamu, adil, rida, amal salih, persatuan dan kerukunan, akhlak terpuji dalam pergaulan remaja, serta pengenalan tentang tasawuf. 
    Contoh-Contoh Akhlak Mahmudah

Dalam pembahasan ini kami akan menjabarkan akhlak mahmudah yang meliputi ikhlas, sabar, syukur, jujur, adil dan amanah.

1. a.   Ikhlas

Kata ikhlas mempunyai beberapa pengertian. Menurut al-Qurtubi, ikhlas pada dasarnya berarti memurnikan perbuatan dari pengaruh-pengaruh makhluk. Abu Al-Qasim Al-Qusyairi mengemukakan arti ikhlas dengan menampilkan sebuah riwayat dari Nabi Saw, “Aku pernah bertanya kepada Jibril tentang ikhlas. Lalu Jibril berkata, “Aku telah menanyakan hal itu kepada Allah,” lalu Allah berfirman, “(Ikhlas) adalah salah satu dari rahasiaku yang Aku berikan ke dalam hati orang-orang yang kucintai dari kalangan hamba-hamba-Ku.”

Keikhlasan seseorang ini, akan menghasilkan kemenangan dan kejayaan. Anggota masyarakat yang mengamalkan sifat ikhlas, akan mencapai kebaikan lahir-bathin dan dunia-akhirat, bersih dari sifat kerendahan dan mencapai perpaduan, persaudaraan, perdamaian serta kesejahteraan.
b. Amanah

Secara bahasa amanah bermakna al-wafa’ (memenuhi) dan wadi’ah (titipan) sedangkan secara definisi amanah berarti memenuhi apa yang dititipkankan kepadanya. Hal ini didasarkan pada firman Allah SWT: “Sesungguhnya Allah memerintahkan kalian untuk mengembalikan titipan-titipan kepada yang memilikinya, dan jika menghukumi diantara manusia agar menghukumi dengan adil…” (QS 4:58).

Dalam ayat lainnya, Allah juga berfirman: “Sesungguhnya Kami telah menawarkan amanah kepada langit, bumi dan gunung-gunung, maka mereka semua enggan memikulnya karena mereka khawatir akan mengkhianatinya, maka dipikullah amanah itu oleh manusia. Sesungguhnya manusia itu amat zalim dan bodoh…” (QS. 33:72).

1. c.      Adil

Adil berarti menempatkan/meletakan sesuatu pada tempatnya. Adil juga tidak lain ialah berupa perbuatan yang tidak berat sebelah. Para Ulama menempatkan adil kepada beberapa peringkat, yaitu adil terhadap diri sendiri, bawahan, atasan/ pimpinan dan sesama saudara. Nabi Saw bersabda, “Tiga perkara yang menyelamatkan yaitu takut kepada Allah ketika bersendiriaan dan di khalayak ramai, berlaku adil pada ketika suka dan marah, dan berjimat cermat ketika susah dan senang; dan tiga perkara yang membinasakan yaitu mengikuti hawa nafsu, terlampau bakhil, dan kagum seseorang dengan dirinya sendiri.” (HR. AbuSyeikh).

d.      Bersyukur

Syukur menurut kamus “Al-mu’jamu al-wasith” adalah mengakui adanya kenikmatan dan menampakkannya serta memuji (atas) pemberian nikmat tersebut.Sedangkan makna syukur secara syar’i adalah : Menggunakan nikmat AllahSWT dalam (ruang lingkup) hal-hal yang dicintainya. Lawannya syukur adalah kufur.Yaitu dengan cara tidak memanfaatkan nikmat tersebut, atau menggunakannya pada hal-hal yang dibenci oleh Allah SWT.

C. PENGERTIAN AKHLAK MAZMUMAH (TERCELA)

Akhlak Mazmumah (tercela) adalah perbuatan yang tidak dibenarkan oleh agama (Allah dan RasulNya). Contohnya : hidup kotor, berbicara jorok/kasar, bohong, sombong, malas, durhaka, khianat, iri, dengki, membangkang, munafik, hasud, kikir, serakah, pesimis, putus asa, marah, fasik, dan murtad, kufur, syirik, riya, nifaaq, anaaniah, putus asa, ghadlab, tamak, takabbur, hasad, dendam, giibah, fitnah, dan namiimah, aniaya dan diskriminasi, perbuatan dosa besar (seperti mabuk-mabukan, berjudi, zina, mencuri, mengkonsumsi narkoba), israaf,  tabdzir.

Contoh Sifat Mazmumah (Tercela) yaitu:

1.      Penyakit hati antara lain disebabkan karena ada perasaan iri:

Iri adalah sikap kurang senang melihat orang lain mendapat kebaikan atau keberuntungan. Sikap ini kemudian menimbulkan prilaku yang tidak baik terhadap orang lain, misalnya sikap tidak senang, sikap tidak ramah terhadap orang yang kepadanya kita iri atau menyebarkan isu-isu yang tidak baik. Jika perasaan ini dibiarkan tumbuh didalam hati, maka akan muncul perselisihan, permusuhan, pertengkaran, bahkan sampai pembunuhan, seperti yang terjadi pada kisah Qabil dan Habil.

2.      Penyakit hati disebabkan karena perasaan dengki.

Dengki artinya merasa tidak senang jika orang lain mendapatkan kenikmatan dan berusaha agar kenikmatan tersebut cepat berakhir dan berpindah kepada dirinya, serta merasa senang kalau orang lain mendapat musibah. Sifat dengki ini berkaitan dengan sifat iri. Hanya saja sifat dengki sudah dalam bentuk perbuatan yang berupa kemarahan, permusuhan, menjelek-jelekkan, menjatuhkan nama baik orang lain.

3.      Hasud

Hasud adalah sikap suka menghasud dan mengadu domba terhadap sesama. Menghasud adalah tindakan yang jahat dan menyesatkan, karena mencemarkan nama baik dan merendahkan derajat seseorang dan juga karena mempublikasikan hal-hal jelek yang sebenarnya harus ditutupi. Saudaraku (sidang pembaca) tahukah antum, bahwa iri, dengki dan hasud itu adalah suatu penyakit. Pada mulanya iri yaitu perasaan tidak suka terhadap kenikmatan yang dimiliki orang lain. Kemudian, jika dibiarkan tumbuh, iri hati akan berubah menjadi kedengkian. Penyakit kedengkian jika dibiarkan terus akan berubah menjadi penyakit yang lebih buruk lagi, yaitu hasud.